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From an operational carbon perspective, Passivhaus’ low energy targets mean the dwellings are likely to achieve very low carbon emissions.

The spurs are arranged in ’T’ shapes, creating outdoor courtyard spaces with plants.Green spaces offer opportunities for both leisure activities and vital employment to prisoners, encouraging them to value their environment.. Barless windows that do not open and have integrated ventilation grills.

This type of glazing provides comparable security without the need for bars addressing specific security threats, preventing waste being thrown from windows and reducing noise spreading beyond the prison wall.. Social interaction between staff and prisoners is key to rehabilitation.Victorian-style gallery blocks with a warden’s desk at one end have been abandoned in favour of a staff station placed more centrally, in a way that encourages interaction rather than observation.. Main, central functions like dining, exercise equipment and access to medical care have been broken up and placed in each house block.Each block can contain a kitchen for communal cooking, classrooms, cardio gym equipment, a medicine point and laundry services, to create an environment more conducive to rehabilitation..

The prisons are designed with the ability to fine-tune security.The design allows operators the flexibility to use different houseblocks to ‘upgrade’ and ‘downgrade’ security as needed,to accommodate prisoners with different needs.. Current status.

The first prison to adopt these design principles is the 1,680 place prison, HMP Five Wells, on the site of the former HMP Wellingborough, due for completion in 2021..

The house block design is the new standard that is being adopted across the planned prison estate expansion and will be used across several sites, both for new prisons and for adding capacity to existing sites.. Impact on wider industry.The only countries that have been able to achieve the required rate in carbon emission reductions are those that have been using nuclear power (see figure below).. 5.

Renewables require a lot more land, as well as the installation of additional distribution grid, which takes time and becomes increasingly more difficult and costly, as the obvious and easy places for these technologies have already been taken, and further away, more difficult land or sea locations are now the only option for development.. 6.Whether an (almost) all-renewables portfolio could provide the required clean energy, and whether it is realisable quickly enough remains a matter of debate.

But in a way that is not the point either; because if you aren’t 100% sure you can realise this renewables-only portfolio, then as time is so short, failing to look into energy portfolios that include nuclear would be both unwise and irresponsible.We won’t have time for a second chance at getting this right..